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 A never-ending short story: Australia, land of anthropologists, by Laurent Dousset, senior lecturer at the EHESSDate : 01/08/2009 Author : Laurent Dousset
In many respects, Australia was the continent of the utmost imaginative worlds and the strongest hopes even before European navigators discovered the continent. Relentless logic, this imagined continent of the other hemisphere, with a mass identical to the good and old Europe, also had to be characteristic of similar environments, climates, civilisations and wealth. Australia, the not-yet discovered-Australia, became the dream, not to say the fantasy of an Europe in search of herself.
 The contrasted image of Colonial Tahiti: between Anglophone and French-speaking artists, by Philippe Bachimon, Professor at the Université de la PolynésieDate : 29/06/2009 Author : Philippe Bachimon
During the colonial period that lasted from the middle of the 19th century to the middle of the 20h century, writers, even more than painters, followed by photographers and film-directors, were the vectors of representation of the "Islands", this ‘somewhere else’, the most renowned of them, Tahiti. Faraway, inaccessible, they fired the imagination of a Europe that was awakening to the mass culture, that which came mainly through text at the time, and in particular the "serials", before the film projection got the upper hand, the painting "exhibition" being reserved for the intellectual elite. Thus, the western imagination of the elsewhere got anchored on the experience and souvenirs of a few travellers, who translated it into images, shows and writings. We will try to reconstruct this aesthetic image of Tahiti by analysing works of artists who came to Tahiti.
 Taking a look at Indian sociology, by Roland Lardinois, CNRS senior researcher in CEIAS (CNRS/EHESS)Date : 02/06/2009 Author : Roland Lardinois
In the second half of the XXth century, Indian sociology was dominated by the paradigm of Homo hierarchicus according to the title of Louis Dumont’s long-standing popular book published in 1966. The objective of this approach to the society of castes is to combine field survey with reading of ancient India’s classical texts. While pre-colonial India does not have the tradition of conducting studies on society (unlike China, for example), it is the guardian of brahmanical trends of thought, through its texts written in sanskrit or other Indian languages, dealing with human relations, in a more theoretical than practical way, constituent of the socio-religious world of castes (Lardinois 2007).
 What does the future hold for Sri Lanka? by Eric Meyer, Professor at Inalco, ParisDate : 01/05/2009 Author : Eric Meyer
The political system, society and economy of Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) were thoroughly shaken up by more than a quarter of a century-old conflict (1983-2009) between the Sinhalese majority government (75% of the population) and the Tamil separatist guerrilla led by the organisation of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The latter which controlled vast territories between 1990 and 2007 in the north and east of the island, and had built a force capable of inflicting heavy losses on the Colombo Army, has lost most of its territories and military potential since 2008, and finds itself driven to defeat on a cramped coastal strip, where it was retaining about fifty thousand civilians, by the end of April 2009, to use them as a human shield. After suspending hostilities for two days on the occasion of Sinhalese and Tamil new year (14th April), fights resumed and the Sri Lankan Army moved forward till the sea, triggering a mass exodus of civilians, which as of 29th April, continued under disastrous sanitary conditions.
 Asian capitalism in crisis: zoom on Malaysia, by Elsa Lafaye de Micheaux, senior lecturer, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (UMR CNRS-Paris 1)Date : 01/04/2009 Author : Elsa Lafaye de Micheaux
Malaysia, a small prosperous country between India and China, is situated at the crossroads of South-East Asia, to the north of the Indonesian archipelago. From an economic point of view, it belongs to this new generation of emerging countries, the « Tigers », which participated in the « Asian miracle » with Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia, close on the heels of the four Dragons (Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore). In the heart of the Malay world steeped in a long Muslim tradition, its multi-ethnic population and religious pluralism also make it a crossroad of Asia where languages, civilisations and influences meet and mingle.
 These Tungusics from whom comes the word 'shaman', by Alexandra Lavrillier, Doctor in anthropology in Centre d’Etudes Mongole et Sibérienne (École Pratique des Haudes Études, Sorbonne)Date : 02/02/2009
Author : Alexandra LAVRILLIER
The name « Tungusic » rings in the works dedicated to shamanism, animism or social organisation of several western anthropologists (F. Boas, Lévi-Strauss, Hamayon, Descola, etc.). It refers to a coherent cultural group of people who were originally hunters, present in Siberia and Manchuria.
The word « shaman » came from their languages – Shaman – and entered into Russian from the XVIth century thanks to a story by an orthodox priest Avvakum. In the next two centuries, a story by two Dutch travellers, published in German, then translated into English and French ended up making this term famous.  TIBETAN MEDICINE, A « SCIENCE OF HEALING» CLOSELY RELATED TO BUDDHISM, by Fernand Meyer, Senior Research Fellow at EPHE, Chair of 'Sciences and civilization of the Tibetan world' ; Inalco ; UPR 299Date : 31/12/2008
Author : Fernand Meyer
Among Asian traditional medicines based on a written corpus, Tibetan medicine was the latest to attain noticeable recognition outside its cultural area. Research on Tibetan "science of healing" (gso-ba rig-pa) in fact developed only from the middle of the 20th century, especially with the influx of refugees towards the South, escaping from the army of the young Chinese People’s Republic, which had taken control of the Tibetan plateau. At the same time, teachings imparted throughout the world by religious leaders of the Diaspora, Tibetan defense groups’ activism, promotion of alternative medicines, development of tourism in regions of Tibetan culture, and a certain craze for media coverage have publicized among the general public the existence and possibly the resources of this medicine to different extents. Finally, since a few decades, Tibetan medicine has undergone an increasing institutionalization in many regions of its traditional geographic area, where it is now confronted everywhere with local avatars of the globalized biomedicine. NGOs implicated it in primary health or even environmental protection programs at the local level, and in some cases it was integrated into national health systems in different forms.  Who benefits from Chinese factories? by Jean RUFFIER (CNRS), Director of the Franco-Chinese Centre for Research in Management, University Lyon3Date : 01/12/2008 Author : Jean RUFFIER, Chercheur au CNRS China’s industrial take-off surprised economists, but it has lasted now for twenty years with the industrial growth rate still higher than 10%. China has changed scales. China has become rich, pollution has increased in China and all over the planet. But is it possible to take stock of this growth that has transformed the industrial landscape of the planet as a whole. The size of the country, one-fifth of the world population, the force, the variety and the dynamism of its economy makes an appraisal difficult, and there are nevertheless winners and losers. Losers are first of all forecasters. No one had anticipated China’s take-off that happened while researchers, me included, were driven to despair to see an under-developed country win an autonomous industrial take-off.  Taiwan-China Relations. Ma Ying-jeou’s new Chinese policy by Frank Muyard, Director of the Taipei Office of CEFC (Centre d’Etudes Français sur la Chine contemporaine / French Centre for Research on Contemporary China)Date : 01/11/2008 Author : Frank Muyard
The Taiwan-China relations took a new turn after Ma Ying-jeou won the presidency in the Republic of China (RoC) Presidential Election in March 2008 at Taiwan. Completing Kuomintang (KMT)’s victory in the legislative Yuan in January, Ma’s success has restored the KMT to Taiwan’s executive power after eight years of Chen Shui-bian’s and pro-separatist Democratic Progressive Party (DPP)’s government.[1]
Behind the slogan “no unification, no independence, no use of force”, and the commitment to not undertake negotiations on unification during his tenure, Ma’s and KMT’s new Chinese policy is centered on a gradual economic, symbolic and political rapprochement with China with four objectives: lower political and military tension in the Formosa Strait, strengthen economic ties with China leading to a form of common market, counter the Taiwanese separatism and prepare favorable conditions for a possible future unification.  Securitization, a danger for Asia by Natacha AVELINE, Senior Research Fellow at CNRSDate : 01/10/2008 Author : Natacha Aveline, directrice de recherche au CNRS Practically unknown by the general public before the crisis of the subprime mortgage, securitization is part of media’s everyday vocabulary today. This technique, which consists in transforming the outstandings or real assets into securities (shares or bonds) available for any type of investor, is actually the cause of the greatest financial crisis that one has ever known since the 1930s. Already, some 1000 billion USD have vanished after the slump in the securities’ value, an amount much higher than the effects produced by the Japanese financial bubble burst (780 billion USD of loss of value) and the Asian crisis (420 billion). Nevertheless, the finanacial markets are far from having hit rock bottom, judging by the recent collapse of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the two giants in real estate financing.  Laos, at the heart of Asia? by Vatthana Pholsena, Junior researcher at CNRS, Institut d’Asie Orientale, LyonDate : 01/09/2008 Author : Vatthana Pholsena The Lao People’s Democratic Republic covers an area of 236 800 km² and has a population close to six million people, that is a population density of about 25 inhabitants per km². Its low demographic weight does not hinder a very great linguistic and cultural diversity. Until recently, Laos officially registered 47 ethnic groups. The Lao ethnic group, dominant at the political level, counts for hardly half the total population. According to research conducted by the Lao Front for National Construction (the main government size organization), the country would have right now 49 of it, divided into four ethno linguistic categories: Lao-Tai, Mon-Khmer, Hmong-Mien and Sino-Tibetan. This list of 49 names was however not approved by the National Assembly during the last July 2008 parliamentary session.  The Beijing Olympic Games, by Jean AuriacDate : 01/08/2008
Author : Jean Auriac
Swifter, Higher and Stronger. The Chinese society seems to be completely moulded by Coubertin’s motto. How far away is the time of Peyrefitte’s Immobile Empire! Liu Xiang, the Chinese public’s hero, winner of the 110 m hurdles at the last Athens Olympic Games, first Chinese gold medalist in athletism, really symbolizes the rise of sports in this country. In twenty years, he has crossed from five gold medals gleaned in 1988 at Seoul to a crop of 63 medals (32 golds) at the 28th 2004 Olympic Games, just behind the United States (35). He continuously improved his scores in world Championships and Cups, from an annual average of 45 medals in the 1980s, to 92 in the 1990s, and 105 in the 2000s. However, the sports situation of the country cannot be confined to a mere criteria of its recent successes in international meets.  Questions on Tibet, by Anne-Marie Blondeau, Professor at the École Pratique des Hautes Études, and Jean-Luc Domenach, Research Director at Sciences – Po ParisDate : 01/06/2008 Author : Anne-Marie Blondeau and Jean-Luc Domenach Just a few weeks ago, western democracies were moved by and reproved the Chinese repression in Tibet, accusing Beijing, in the spotlight of the Olympics, of being responsible for the slow genocide of a culture of 5 million inhabitants, which has sustained the slow infiltration from the Han, who already amount to more than 1,500,000 in this vast and rich territory’s 2.5 million km² . How much more time until the Tibetans become a minority in their own home?
The Asia Network has asked two specialists, Anne-Marie Blondeau, for Tibet, and Jean-Luc Domenach, for China, to give us their points of view
Photo: © 2005 - Françoise Robin, Inalco  South Korea: Social and solidarity economy and socio-economic development, by Eric Bidet, associate professor, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (Seoul)Date : 01/05/2008 Author : Eric Bidet, associate professor, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (Seoul) It is customary to bring together particular economic organizations like cooperatives, mutual benefit societies and associations under the banner of social economy. These organizations have some fundamental principles that distinguish them from capitalist or public companies, particularly a democratic mode of governance (one man, one voice) and a determinedly restricted or banned distribution of their profit. While the sector defined in this way represents an essential area of the economy in most European countries, stepping into sectors as varied as agriculture, banking, insurance or people-oriented services, its quasi-absence from the South Korean socio-economic landscape does not go unnoticed.  The cultural impacts of the Matignon-Oudinot Agreements, by Dominique Jouve, Professor, 9th section, University of New-Caledonia, Transcultural LaboratoryDate : 01/04/2008 Author : Dominique Jouve A collective exhibition starts in March 2008 at the Tjibaou cultural center of Nouméa set out to recall the handshake that launches the Matignon-Oudinot Agreements. In April, new flowers will be placed at Ouvéa to perpetuate the memory of those who died in attacks in the cave where the hostages were held. No other celebration or commemoration is at sight, apart from local repercussions of the CNRS colloquium to be held at Paris on the 25th and 26th April. In the cultural domain today, what kind of chords does this gesture strike, by which more than five years of disturbances and a near civil war were checked?  The relocated people of the Three Gorges, by Florence PadovaniDate : 01/03/2008
Author : Florence Padovani
The Three Gorges Dam spans the Yangtze River in central China bordering on the province of Hubei and the autonomous municipality of Chongqing. Its concrete structure was completed in 2003, and since then water is rising inexorably. The last families will leave their lands by 2009, when the dam becomes completely operational. Understanding Today’s Cambodia, by Alain Forest, professor, Université Paris-Diderot Paris 7 (UMR SEDET - CNRS/Université Paris-Diderot)Date : 01/02/2008 Author : Alain Forest In the years 1990-2005, no other land the world over was observed, examined and scrutinized so much as Cambodia, by experts, NGO members, specialists from all disciplines. Detailed facts and figures, statistics and tables, percentages and "pie charts", forecasts and estimates – more often than not alarmists! – abound and sometimes encumber. Some of the studies conducted testify to both a superficial approach to the field and a disconcerting assurance, but many are assessable, particularly given the situations of unpreparedness and the speed with which they were carried out.  Delhi and its 'global city' dream, by Véronique Dupont*, Senior Research Fellow at the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)Date : 01/01/2008 Author : Véronique Dupont Former capital of the Mogul Empire then of the British Indian Empire from 1911 to 1947 before becoming the Independent Indian Federation capital, Delhi is now longing to become a “global city”. Delhi, a strategic site in the new world economy? A city with decisive international functions on a global scale? If the Indian capital is far from meeting John Friedmann’s and Saskia Sassen’s criteria, Delhi’s ambition to attain this status is clearly expressed in the urban development plan of the city, “the Vision-2021 is to make Delhi a global metropolis and a world-class city”; this is also a recurring slogan in Chief Minister Sheila Dixit’s speeches. What are the realities that form the basis of this ambition? And what are the consequences?
The undesired of the global city. Photo by Ruchir Joshi.
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